赠卫八处士①

杜甫

人生不相见， 动如参与商②，
今夕复何夕③, 共此灯烛光。
少壮能几时, 鬓发各已苍④。
访旧半为鬼⑤， 惊呼热中肠⑥。
焉知二十载， 重上君子堂。
昔别君未婚， 儿女忽成行⑦；
怡然敬父执⑧， 问我来何方。
问答乃未已， 驱儿罗酒浆。
夜雨剪春韭， 新炊间黄粱⑨。
主称会面难， 一举累十觞⑩；
十觞亦不醉， 感子故意长⑪。
明日隔山岳⑫， 世事两茫茫。



TO MY RETIRED FRIEND WEI


It is almost as hard for friends to meet
As for the morning and evening stars.
Tonight then is a rare event,
Joining, in the candlelight,
Two men who were young not long ago
But now are turning grey at the temples.
...To find that half our friends are dead
Shocks us, burns our hearts with grief.
We little guessed it would be twenty years
Before I could visit you again.
When I went away, you were still unmarried;
But now these boys and girls in a row
Are very kind to their father's old friend.
They ask me where I have been on my journey;
And then, when we have talked awhile,
They bring and show me wines and dishes,
Spring chives cut in the night-rain
And brown rice cooked freshly a special way.
...My host proclaims it a festival,
He urges me to drink ten cups --
But what ten cups could make me as drunk
As I always am with your love in my heart?
...Tomorrow the mountains will separate us;
After tomorrow-who can say?

【注释】
　　①卫八处士：其名及事迹不详。八，排行为八。处士，不愿作官的隐居士人。
　　②“动如”句：往往像参星和商星一样永不相见。动，往往。参，参星，在西方。商，商星，在东方。此起彼落，永远不会同时在天空再现。
　　③“今夕”句：今晚是一个什么样的晚上啊！《诗经·唐风·绸缪》：“今夕何夕，邮此良人。”
　　④苍：灰白色。
　　⑤访：寻访打听。
    ⑥热中肠：内心悲伤，心情激动。
    ⑦行：成行，形容子女众多。
    ⑧怡然：和颜悦色。父执：父亲的好朋友。执：志同道合的朋友之省称。
    ⑨间黄梁：搀合着黄小米的饭。间，搀合。
    ⑩累：接连。觞：古代盛酒的器，这里指酒杯。
    ⑪子：指卫八处士。故意：老朋友的深厚情谊。
    ⑫隔山岳：老朋友又要为山岳隔开，指分手。

【简析】
　　此诗作于诗人被贬华州司功参军之后。诗写偶遇少年知交的情景，抒写了人生聚散不定，故友相见，格外亲。然而暂聚忽别，却又觉得世事渺茫，无限感慨。诗的开头四句，写久别重逢，从离别说到聚首，亦悲亦喜，悲喜交集。第五至八句，从生离说到死别。透露了干戈乱离、人命危浅的现实。从“焉知”到“意长”十四句，写与卫八处士的重逢聚首以及主人及其家人的热情款待。表达诗人对生活美和人情美的珍视。最后两句写重会又别之伤悲，低徊婉转，耐人寻味。全诗平易真切，层次井然。